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关于社会经济地位(SES)与健康之间关系的研究在国外已经比较成熟,但在国内现有文献中却仍属薄弱区域。基于社会因果论的视角,并使用2011年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)的相关横截面数据对二者之间的关系做出数理统计和实证分析,结果发现:国民健康不平等现象确实存在;社会经济地位与健康之间线性因果关系是较为显著的正相关关系;受教育程度越高的人健康状况越好,家庭年净收入越高的人健康状况越好。社会经济地位与健康之间非线性因果关系结果为:收入因素对健康存在着一定的“倒U型”影响,可能不存在“S”型影响;教育因素对健康可能不存在“倒U型”和“S”型影响。因此建议从促进收入分配公平和大力发展教育两个方面来降低健康的不平等程度。
Studies on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health have been relatively mature in foreign countries, but they are still weak areas in the existing domestic literature. Based on the social-causal perspective and using the cross-sectional data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to make mathematical statistics and empirical analyzes, the results show that inequality of national health does exist; The linear causal relationship between socioeconomic status and health is a more significant positive correlation; the healthier the better-educated people are, the better the health status of people with higher annual net income is. The non-linear causal relationship between socioeconomic status and health results as follows: The income factor has some influence on health and may not have the influence of “S”; the education factor may not exist on health “Inverted U” and “S” influence. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the health inequality in terms of promoting fairness in income distribution and developing education.