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目的通过对足月小样儿病因的探讨及颅脑超声检查的观察,为足月小样儿的预后评估提供依据。方法分析50例足月小样儿的病因、出生后2~3d颅脑彩超检查结果及临床资料。结果引起足月小样儿的主要原因有妊娠期合并症、脐带因素、羊水过少、双胎妊娠等。50例小样儿中,39例(78.0%)颅脑彩超发现异常,主要表现为脑水肿30例(60.0%),大脑前动脉阻力指数异常11例(22.0%)、颅内出血、脑室扩张各8例(各16.0%)等,有17例(34.0%)同时存在两种及两种以上异常。结合病因与超声异常分析,存在2种以上病因者超声异常率最高77.3%(17/22),其次是妊娠期合并症72.0%(18/25)。结论足月小样儿颅脑彩超异常者较多,可能对日后生长发育产生不良影响,应加强围产期保健,减少足月小样儿的发生。
Objective To investigate the etiology of full-term small samples and the observation of cranial ultrasound to provide evidence for the prognosis evaluation of full-term small samples. Methods 50 cases of full-term children’s etiology, 2 ~ 3d postnatal cranial color Doppler ultrasound examination results and clinical data. Results The main cause of full-term small sample of pregnancy complications, umbilical cord factors, oligohydramnios, twin pregnancy and so on. Among the 50 samples, 39 cases (78.0%) had abnormal cranial color Doppler ultrasound, including 30 cases of cerebral edema (60.0%), 11 cases of anterior cerebral artery resistance index abnormalities (22.0%), intracranial hemorrhage and 8 cases of ventricular dilatation (16.0% each), and 17 (34.0%) had two or more abnormalities at the same time. According to the etiology and ultrasonic anomaly analysis, the abnormal rate of ultrasonography was the highest in 77.3% (17/22) with more than two causes, followed by 72.0% (18/25) in pregnancy complications. Conclusion There are more cases of full-color brain abnormalities in children with abnormal cranial color, may have adverse effects on future growth and development, should strengthen perinatal care, reduce the occurrence of full-term small sample.