脑胶质瘤是最常见的颅内原发肿瘤，存在基因异质性，仅靠手术后的病理检查，无法准确评估肿瘤基因及微环境的动态演变。外泌体作为细胞分泌的最小胞外囊泡之一，可作为潜在的生物标记物及细胞间信息传递的载体，促进胶质瘤细胞增殖、免疫逃逸、放化疗抵抗及血氧微环境的改善，提高肿瘤细胞侵袭及转移能力。本文现围绕外泌体与胶质瘤发生发展的关系综述如下。“,”Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, which have genetic heterogeneity. It is impossible to accurately evaluate the dynamic evolution of tumor genes and microenvironment only by pathological examination after surgery. As one of the smallest extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, exosomes can be used as potential biomarkers and carriers of intercellular information transmission. It can promote glioma cell proliferation, immune escape and chemoradiotherapy resistance, improve blood oxygen microenvironment, and enhance the ability of invasion and metastasis. The relations of exosomes with glioma occurrence and development are summarized as follows.