小儿泌尿系结石临床表现多样，严重者可导致急性肾衰竭。早期明确病因，可对泌尿系结石的形成进行早期干预。泌尿系结石病因比较复杂，可能为多因素相互作用的结果，目前明确的病因主要有感染、泌尿系统局部解剖结构改变、代谢异常等。随着研究的深入，对泌尿系结石形成的基因研究成为很多学者关注的热点，其中对于维生素D受体的报道较多。“,”The clinical manifestations of children with urinary calculi are varied ,which can lead to acute renal failure in severe cases.Early clear etiology can enable early intervention to the formation of urinary cal-culi.Urinary calculi have complicated causes,which are often the result of interactions of multiple factors,and the main causes which have been clarified are infection,local anatomical structure change of urinary system, and metabolic abnormalities etc.With the development of the research in recent years,the genetic research of urinary stone formation has also become a hot topic,among which the reports on vitamin D receptor are more often seen.