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A model for the non-linear axial vibrations of the hydrodynamic thrust bearing-rotor system in a turboexpander is described.The axial transient process of the system is investigated.The timedependent form ofthe Reynolds equation is solved by a finite difference method with successive overrelaxation scheme to obtain the hydrodynamic forces of the sector-shaped thrust bearing (SSTB).Using these forces,the equation of motion is solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and the Adams method to predict the transient behaviour of the thrust bearing-rotor system (TBRS).Also,the linearized stiffness and damping coefficients of the oil film hydrodynamic SSTB are calculated.The analyses of the axial transient response of the system under both linear and non-linear conditions are performed.The non-linearity of oil film forces can significantly contribute to the axial transient response.Conclusions obtained can be applied for evaluation of the reliability of the TBRS.