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经济学方法论的基础在于科学哲学,传统科学哲学本身正在从“狭义”到“广义”进行拓展并且经受急遽的变化,还受到诸如科学知识社会学、科学修辞学等学科的渗透和影响,它的方法论“工具箱”正在多样化。相应地,经济学方法论在最新发展中也变得更加开放和多元化。一系列有代表性的新进展是:波普尔与拉卡托斯等人的合理要素在后继者中得到发扬;20世纪以来穆勒的方法论传统通过再分析又得到最新发展;罗森伯格的意向性解释模式受到关注;经济学模型和抽象化的技巧有新进展;当代实在论在经济学方法论中发挥重要作用。经济学方法论的中心议题正在悄悄地发生微妙改变。重要的是,要对极其不同的经济学方法论观点兼容并蓄,要能够在汲取和继承传统的思想精华与不断开拓创新之间保持一种微妙的平衡。
The methodology of economics lies in the philosophy of science. The traditional philosophy of science itself is expanding from “narrow” to “generalized” and experiencing rapid changes. It is also infiltrated by disciplines such as sociology of scientific knowledge and rhetoric of science Impact, its methodology “toolbox” is diversifying. Accordingly, the economics methodology has also become more open and pluralistic in recent developments. A series of representative new progresses are: the rational elements of Popper and Lakatos have been carried forward in the successors; the tradition of the methodology of Müller has been updated by the reanalysis since the 20th century; Rosenberg’s Intentional interpretations have drawn attention; new progress has been made in economic models and abstract techniques; and contemporary realism has played an important role in economic methodology. The central issue of methodology in economics is quietly changing subtly. It is important to maintain a subtle balance between the fundamentally different economics methodology perspectives and the ability to draw on and inherit the essence of the traditional mindset and to constantly open up and innovate.