工序较多、参与方较多、协调工作量较大等特点,决定了工程项目是一个复杂的产品。正是由于其复杂性,导致施工方在施工组织过程中稍有不慎,就会造成工期滞后、成本超支,甚至出现合同履约困难。但大多数复杂产品背后,其实还是有很多重复性工序,比如建筑工程中均存在混凝土浇筑或者砌筑等分项工程,并且也都存在分包及物资采购等管理活动。面对日趋严峻的外部环境和日趋激烈的竞争形势,以及企业做强、做优、做大的内在动力,大力推动标准化建设,聚焦某一类或某几 The fact that there are many processes, many parties involved, and a large amount of coordination work has determined that the project is a complex product. Because of its complexity, the construction party has been slightly careless in the construction process, which will result in lagging construction time, cost overruns, and even contract implementation difficulties. However, behind most complex products, there are still many repetitive processes. For example, there are sub-projects such as concrete pouring or masonry in construction projects, and there are also management activities such as subcontracting and material procurement. Facing the increasingly severe external environment and the increasingly fierce competition situation, and the inherent motives of the companies to be stronger, better and bigger, and vigorously promote the standardization construction, focusing on a certain class or several