一、“省直管县”体制的提出与运行“省直管县”在我国有着坚实的宪法基础和历史传统。从宪法基础看,《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十条规定:“中华人民共和国的行政区域划分如下:(一)全国分为省、自治区、直辖市;(二)省、自治区分为自治州、县、自治县、市;(三)县、自治县分为乡、民族乡、镇。”这一宪法规定实质确立了省、县、乡三级地方行政区划。从历史传统看,建国以后很长一段时期内实行的是“省直管县”的体制,当时除了直辖市和省会城市,一般的市没有自己的下辖县。当时的所谓地区行署,是省的派出机构,不是一级政府。但是从1982年开始,我国开始实行市管县体制的改革,这样,实际中,在省县之间还存在一级行政建制——地级市,并逐渐形成了市管县的格局。但是市管县体制的弊端也 I. Establishment and Operation of the System of “Straight County Management in the Province” “Straight County Management in the Province” has a solid constitutional foundation and historical tradition in our country. From the perspective of the Constitution, Article 30 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China stipulates: “The administrative regions of the People’s Republic of China are divided as follows: (1) The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; (2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, Counties, autonomous counties and cities; (3) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, ethnic townships and towns. ”This constitutional provision essentially establishes the three administrative divisions at the provincial, county and township levels. From the historical tradition, after a long period of time since the founding of the People’s Republic, the system of “direct administration of counties under the province” was implemented. At that time, except for municipalities directly under the Central Government and provincial capitals, ordinary cities did not have their own subordinate counties. At that time, the so-called regional administrative agency was the provincial agency and was not a first-level government. However, since 1982, our country began to implement the reform of the system of city and county administration, so that in practice, there is still an administrative system of prefecture-level cities between prefectures and counties, and a pattern of cities and counties has gradually taken shape. However, the drawbacks of the city management system also