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目的探讨6~18岁正常人群的元音声学特点,为腭裂患者语音治疗提供参考。方法选取2010年11月至2011年9月在南昌大学附属口腔医院正畸科初诊的6~18岁正常人60名(男、女各30名),按年龄段分为3组(A组:6~12岁;B组:13~15岁;C组:16~18岁),每组男、女各10名。采用VS-99语音工作站对各组研究对象发单元音/a:/、/i:/、/u:/时进行录音,并对其前3个共振峰(F1、F2、F3)及基频(F0)测量值进行比较分析。结果 (1)3组间比较,发单元音/a:/、/i:/、/u:/时,F1、F2、F3及F0差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)3组内不同性别间比较,A组发各元音时的F1、F2、F3及F0差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B、C组除F0差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,F1、F2、F3差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)3组间相同性别比较,女性发各元音时的F1、F2、F3及F0差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),男性F1、F2、F3差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而F0差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论发单元音/a:/、/i:/、/u:/时,随着年龄的增长,女性的F1、F2、F3及F0无明显变化;男性的F1、F2、F3无明显变化,但青春期前后,F0变化明显。我们对腭裂语音进行评估时,可考虑建立共同的F1、F2、F3参考值体系,但应根据年龄、性别而使用不同的F0参考值。
Objective To explore the vowel acoustic characteristics of normal people aged 6-18 years and provide reference for speech therapy in patients with cleft palate. Methods Sixty normal individuals aged 6-18 years (30 males and 30 females), who were newly diagnosed orthopedic department of Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University from November 2010 to September 2011, were divided into 3 groups according to their ages (group A: 6 to 12 years old; B group: 13 to 15 years old; C group: 16 to 18 years old), each group of 10 men and women. The VS-99 voice workstation was used to record the unit tones / a: /, / i: /, / u: / for each group of subjects. The first 3 formants (F1, F2 and F3) (F0) measurements for comparative analysis. Results (1) There was no significant difference in F1, F2, F3 and F0 between the three groups when the unitary tone was a / /: /, / i: /, / u: /. (2) There was no significant difference in F1, F2, F3 and F0 between group A and group V when the differences were found among the three groups (P> 0.05). There was significant difference between groups B and C except F0 <0.05), there was no significant difference between F1, F2 and F3 (P> 0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in the F1, F2, F3 and F0 between female vowels when compared with the same gender in the three groups (P> 0.05), while there was no significant difference in F1, F2 and F3 between male and female (P> 0.05), while the F0 difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions There is no significant change in the F1, F2, F3 and F0 of women with age when the unitary tone / a: /, / i: /, / u: However, before and after puberty, F0 changes significantly. When evaluating the cleft palate speech, consider establishing a common F1, F2, F3 reference system, but use different F0 references depending on age and gender.