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一般认为小麦的主茎或分蘖,其生长点(幼穗)破坏后,会导致单株死亡,不会再抽穗、开花、结实。而我们在今年严重遭受春季霜冻的小麦田间,却发现了大量的小麦主茎或一级分蘖幼穗冻死后,又生长出节根和1—2个分枝,这些分枝多能正常抽穗、开花、结实,且比冻害发生后新产生的分蘖发育健壮,成熟提前。根据理论分析,小麦也和玉米等其他禾本科作物一样,其地上部分的节基部存在有潜伏的腋芽。由于小麦群体较大,这些腋芽也相应比其他禾本科作物退化严重,因此,在通常的情况下不会形成节根和分枝。但在特殊情况下,这些腋芽可以迅速萌动,形成节根和分枝,并能正常抽穗、开花、结实。我们通过观察,证实上述分析是正确的。 1990年4月4日,黄淮冬麦区的山西省南部遭受了一场罕见的冻害,大面积的早播旺长、春性较强的麦苗,其主茎和一级分蘖的幼穗被冻死,受冻时距小麦收获期仅60天时间,一般认为这些冻死的主茎不会再
Generally believed that the main stems or tillers of wheat, the growth point (panicle) after the destruction, will lead to single death, no more heading, flowering, fruiting. However, in the field of wheat severely affected by the spring frost this year, we found that a large number of wheat stems or first-grade tillering ears were frozen and grew to produce nodal roots and 1-2 branches, , Flowering, fruiting, and stronger than the freezing injury occurred after the new tiller development, maturity in advance. According to theoretical analysis, wheat is also found to have latent axillary buds at the base of the above-ground part, just like other gramineous crops such as corn. Due to the large size of the wheat population, these axillary buds also degenerate more than other gramineous crops, therefore, they do not normally form nodos and branches. However, under special circumstances, these axillary buds can germinate rapidly, forming nodal roots and branches, and can normally be heading, flowering and fruiting. We observe that the above analysis is correct. On April 4, 1990, a rare frost damage occurred in the southern part of Shanxi Province in the Huanghuai winter wheat area. The large area of early spring sowing long and springy wheat germ was frozen to death with its main stem and first tillering ears , When frozen from the wheat harvest period of only 60 days, it is generally believed that these frozen main stem no longer