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自然环境与风水观念,一度是影响传统聚落形态存在和变迁的两个重要因素,那么,在传统乡村聚落向近代城市聚落转型的过程中,这二者起到何种作用呢?其作用机制又是怎样的呢?本文以历史地理学的实证手法,通过复原上海开埠后乡村聚落向城市化转型的具体过程,发现:在城市扩张的影响下,乡村聚落赖以依存的传统河道体系首先崩解,继而以河道为物质基础的风水形势发生变异,此二点从根本上动摇了乡村聚落赖以存在的自然与人文条件。同时,随着城市产业的发展和移民的大量涌入,原有的乡村空间快速地被不规范的城市空间———棚户区所替代。棚户区至今仍然是城市政府面临的治理难题,其产生的历史地理过程和驱动机制值得更深入的学术考察。
The concept of the natural environment and feng shui was once an important factor influencing the existence and transformation of the traditional settlements. So, what role do these two play in the transition from traditional village settlements to modern urban settlements? What is it? In this paper, with the historical geography of the empirical approach, through the restoration of Shanghai after the settlement of rural settlement to the urbanization process of transformation and found that: under the influence of urban expansion, the rural settlement depends on the traditional river system collapse Solution, and then to the river as a material basis for the variation of geomancy situation, these two fundamentally shaken the existence of rural settlements of natural and human conditions. At the same time, with the development of urban industries and the influx of immigrants, the original rural space was quickly replaced by the non-standard urban space --- the shantytowns. The shantytowns are still the governance problems that the city government faces so far. The historical geography and driving mechanism deserve more in-depth academic investigation.