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目的了解狂犬病暴露人群的暴露部位、伤害程度、受伤时间等分布规律及暴露后的处置情况,为制定狂犬病防制对策提供依据。方法调查甘肃省庆阳市2013年有狂犬病发病的两个县的狂犬病暴露人群基本情况,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果 1 226例暴露者中9岁及以下(25.86%)和40岁~(22.92%)年龄组人群暴露率最高;暴露部位多为四肢、占84.41%,头面部最少、占2.70%;时间分布以5~10月为主、占71.04%,7月、8月达到高峰。结论狂犬病的暴露率高,群众的预防知识缺乏、防控意识淡薄,暴露后未及时进行规范的伤口处置、未及时接种狂犬病疫苗和被动免疫制剂是导致狂犬病发病的主要原因。
Objective To understand the distribution of exposed parts of the rabies exposed population, the degree of injury, the time of injury and the disposal after exposure, so as to provide basis for the development of rabies prevention measures. Methods The basic situation of rabies exposure in two counties with rabies in 2013 in Qingyang City of Gansu Province was investigated and described by means of descriptive epidemiological methods. Results The highest exposure rate was found in the age group of 9 and below (25.86%) and the age group of 40 (22.92%) in 1 226 exposures. Exposed areas were mostly extremities, accounting for 84.41%, with the least amount of head and face, accounting for 2.70% Mainly in May to October, accounting for 71.04%, July, August peaked. Conclusions The rabies exposure rate is high, the public lack of prevention knowledge, awareness of prevention and control is weak, after the exposure did not timely normative wound treatment, not timely vaccination rabies vaccine and passive immune agents are the main causes of rabies.