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在新疆气候生态条件下,以土柱栽培棉花(新陆早13号)为试材,通过人工改变播种前60cm以下土壤含水量,设计有深层水和无深层水处理,并采用膜下滴灌控制生育期间耕层土壤含水量[分别为田间相对持水量的70%(±5%)和55%(±5%)],探讨土壤深层水分对棉花根系生理及叶片光合特性的影响.结果表明:深层水增强了棉花根系SOD活性和根系活力,提高了植株对土壤深层水的利用率,提高了叶片水势、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和植株光合物质累积量,最终获得了较高的产量和水分利用效率.在有深层水条件下,棉花生育期间耕层水分为55%处理的中下层根系衰老慢、根系活力增强,在一定程度上弥补了生育期间水分亏缺对叶片光合功能的负面效应,但其产量仍显著低于70%处理,而水分利用效率与70%处理无明显差异.因此,在膜下滴灌棉花水分管理中,播种前应重视冬春储备灌,增加土壤深层的贮水量,并通过协调关键栽培技术、适度减少滴水量或延长滴水周期,充分挖掘膜下滴灌节水增产潜力.
Under the climatic and ecological conditions in Xinjiang, soil-column cultivated cotton (Xinluzao 13) was used as the test material to design the deep-water and non-deep-water treatment by artificially changing the soil water content below 60cm before sowing, The effect of deep soil moisture on the root physiology and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton leaves was discussed when the water content in the topsoil reached to 70% (± 5%) and 55% (± 5% Deep water enhanced SOD activity and root vigor of cotton roots, increased plant water utilization rate in deeper layers of soil, increased leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and plant photosynthetic material accumulation, and finally obtained higher yield and moisture Utilization efficiency.In the condition of deep water, the roots of middle and lower roots treated with 55% of plow water during growing period of cotton had slow senescence and increased root vigor, which to a certain extent compensated for the negative effect of water deficit on the photosynthetic function of the leaves during the growth period. But its yield is still significantly lower than 70% treatment, and water use efficiency and 70% treatment no significant difference.Therefore, in the drip irrigation cotton under water, should pay attention to winter and spring before planting irrigation, increase soil Water storage layer, and through the cultivation practices, a modest reduction in the amount or extend the drip drip cycle, fully tap the yield potential saving Drip Irrigation.