目的:分析外伤性胸腔积液的法医学鉴定方法。方法:收集本市司法鉴定中心2014年-2015年接受的因外伤造成的胸腔积液伤者2例,对其资料进行分析。结果:本次案例中的2名伤者,男性伤者受棍棒打击损伤,女性伤者受拳击伤。两名患者均为外伤所致的胸腔积液和液气胸病例转归。根据《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》中规定,判定为轻伤。结论:法医鉴定人员不仅需要扎实的解剖学知识,同时还应深入学习影像学知识,做出严谨客观公正的结论,更好的为司法服务。 Objective: To analyze the method of forensic identification of traumatic pleural effusion. Methods: Two cases of pleural effusion caused by trauma accepted by the forensic center in our city from 2014 to 2015 were collected and their data were analyzed. Results: In this case, two injured and male wounded were injured by clubbing and female wounded by boxing. Both patients had traumatic effusion and fluid pneumothorax cases. According to the “human injury level identification criteria” in the provisions of a minor injury. Conclusion: Forensic appraisers not only need a solid knowledge of anatomy, but also should learn in depth imaging knowledge, make rigorous objective and fair conclusions, and better serve the judiciary.