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本文对公民身份理论论争做出了制度性解释。马歇尔对公民身份理论所做的系统性研究是学术界所公认的。但是对马歇尔的主要研究成果的学术批判也是相当激烈的。如果我们将公民身份的历史演化与实现看做是公民身份制度生成与变迁的过程的话,那么马歇尔与其批判者之间的分歧显然是有关公民身份制度变迁的一系列分析范式之间的差异。本文即以制度变迁理论范式为分析工具,例如通过时间序列分析、文化地域特征与国别模式、进化与冲突的制度变迁视角、精英推动与大众推动对比等方面的对比性分析,对公民身份理论范式进行比较系统的梳理、分析与评判,进而亦能够展现公民身份制度变迁的诸多路径与多样化模式。
This article makes an institutional explanation of the argument of the theory of citizenship. Marshall’s theory of citizenship made by the systematic research is recognized by the academic community. However, academic criticism of Marshall’s main research findings is also quite fierce. If we consider the historical evolution and realization of citizenship as the process of the birth and transition of the system of citizenship, then the disagreements between Marshall and his critics are clearly the differences between a series of analytical paradigms about the changes in the system of citizenship. In this paper, we use the paradigm of institutional change as an analytical tool, for example, through comparative analysis of time series analysis, cultural regional characteristics and country patterns, institutional change perspectives of evolution and conflict, comparison between elite promotion and public promotion, Paradigm to systematically sort out, analyze and judge, and in turn, be able to demonstrate many paths and diversified modes of changes in the system of citizenship.