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合同与交易是现代社会最常见的现象,生产是各个经济流派的基本概念。这三个概念并不完全等同,而是存在一个递进的关系。文章首先分析基本的合同类型,涉及产品合同、服务合同与雇佣合同,然后分析基本的交易类型,涉及产品交易、服务交易、雇佣交易、货币交易与货币转移。最后,在此基础上,提出以合同与交易为基础的生产理论,作为国民经济核算的基础。文章提出的关键命题是:合同活动不一定是交易活动,交易活动一定是合同活动;交易活动不一定是生产活动,生产活动一定是交易活动。
Contract and transaction are the most common phenomena in modern society. Production is the basic concept of all economic schools. These three concepts are not exactly the same, but there is a progressive relationship. The article first analyzes the basic types of contracts involved in product contracts, service contracts and employment contracts, and then analyzes the basic types of transactions involving product transactions, service transactions, employment transactions, currency transactions and currency transfers. Finally, on this basis, put forward the production theory based on the contract and the transaction as the basis of national economy accounting. The key proposition that this article puts forward is: The contract activity is not necessarily the transaction activity, the transaction activity must be the contract activity; The transaction activity is not necessarily the production activity, and the production activity must be the transaction activity.