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巨噬细胞作为体内重要的固有免疫细胞，在机体免疫反应中发挥重要作用。因巨噬细胞具有高度可塑性，可在不同的免疫微环境中极化为不同的表型调控免疫反应进程。巨噬细胞代谢重编程可以阐明关键代谢途径对巨噬细胞不同极化状态的调控及相关功能的影响。本文聚焦糖酵解、三羧酸（TCA）循环、脂肪酸代谢和氨基酸代谢4种关键代谢途径与不同巨噬细胞极化状态的关系，并解析巨噬细胞免疫功能的代谢重编程调节机制，为巨噬细胞极化相关免疫反应过程及其机制研究提供新的思路和方法。“,”Macrophages are important innate immune cells that play essential roles in the inflammatory response. The phenotypic plasticity of macrophages enables them to be polarized into distinct gene phenotypes under different immune microenvironments to regulate the process of inflammation. The study of macrophage metabolic reprogramming aims to clarify the influence of key metabolic pathways on the regulation of different polarization states and related functions of macrophages. This review focuses on the relationship between the four key metabolic pathways [glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism] and the distinct gene phenotypes of macrophages. It also reveals the metabolic regulation of the immune function of macrophage cells thus to provide new ideas and methods for the study of macrophage polarization-related process of inflammation.