2008-2009年,在群体水培条件下,以国内外不同年代育成的94个常规粳稻品种为供试材料,测定植株各器官干物质量和含氮率、产量及其构成因素等,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按吸氮量的大小从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F等6类,以探明影响氮素高效吸收型粳稻品种吸氮能力的主要原因。结果表明:1)供试品种间吸氮量的差异很大,总吸氮量最大品种为最小品种的2.44倍,氮素高效吸收型品种平均产量极显著高于氮素低效吸收型品种;2)氮素高效吸收型品种抽穗前后吸氮量显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种,抽穗前吸氮量对总吸氮量影响显著大于抽穗后吸氮量;3)氮素高效吸收型品种单穗吸氮量显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种,但单位面积穗数无优势,单穗吸氮量对总吸氮量的影响显著大于单位面积穗数;4)氮素高效吸收型品种播抽历期、全生育期较长,群体与个体吸氮强度大,吸氮强度对吸氮量的影响显著大于生育期;5)氮素高效吸收型品种干物质生产量显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种,但植株含氮率无优势,干物质生产量对总吸氮量的影响显著大于植株含氮率,干物质生产量大是氮素高效吸收型品种吸氮能力强的一个重要因素;6)氮素高效吸收型品种各器官(根、茎鞘叶、穗)吸氮量均显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种,抽穗前茎鞘叶吸氮量大,抽穗后氮从茎鞘叶向穗部转移多,成熟期穗部吸氮量大,有利于提高氮高效吸收型品种氮素累积量。 From 2008 to 2009, 94 conventional japonica cultivars bred in different age groups in China and abroad were used as experimental materials under the condition of population hydroponics. The dry weight, nitrogen content, yield and composition of each plant were determined. The least square sum of dynamic clustering methods were divided into six categories A, B, C, D, E, F according to the amount of nitrogen uptake in order from low to high, Variety of nitrogen absorption capacity of the main reasons. The results showed that: 1) There was a great difference in nitrogen uptake among the tested varieties, with the maximum total nitrogen uptake 2.44 times of the minimum variety, and the average yield of nitrogen uptake efficiency was significantly higher than that of nitrogen inefficient uptake. 2) The nitrogen uptake efficiency of nitrogen efficient absorption type before and after heading was significantly higher than that of nitrogen inefficient absorption type, and the effect of nitrogen uptake before heading on total nitrogen uptake was significantly greater than that after heading; 3) The nitrogen uptake of single spike was significantly higher than that of nitrogen inefficient uptake, but there was no advantage in panicle per unit area. The effect of single spike on nitrogen uptake was significantly greater than that of panicles per unit area.4) The duration of sowing, the whole growth period was longer, the nitrogen absorption intensity of population and individual was bigger, and the effect of nitrogen absorption intensity on nitrogen uptake was significantly greater than that of growth stage. 5) The dry matter yield of high nitrogen uptake type was significantly higher than that of low nitrogen Effective absorption type, but the plant nitrogen rate no advantage, dry matter production of total nitrogen uptake was significantly greater than the nitrogen content of plants, dry matter production is a large nitrogen absorption efficiency of nitrogen absorption ability is an important Factors; 6) nitrogen efficient absorption type of various organs (root, Sheath, Spike) were significantly higher than that of inefficient uptake of nitrogen. The nitrogen uptake of stem and sheath leaves before heading was large. After heading, nitrogen transferred more from the stems, sheaths and leaves to the ear, , Which is beneficial to increase nitrogen accumulation of nitrogen efficient absorption type.