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肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病隐匿,恶性程度高,病死率高,因此早期诊断对于提高患者的生存率至关重要。目前临床上主要运用甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)结合影像学及病理学检查进行肝癌的早期诊断;但是AFP对于肝癌筛查的特异性及敏感性均不十分理想。随着分子生物学的不断发展,多种新的标志物被相继发现,这些标志物涉及肝癌的蛋白质抗原、酶和同工酶、细胞因子、相关基因等几个方面,故成为肝癌研究的热点,并有望改变肝癌早期诊断和疗效监测的现状。
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignant tumors. Because of its occult onset, high degree of malignancy and high mortality rate, early diagnosis is very important to improve the survival rate of patients. At present, the primary clinical application of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) combined with imaging and pathology is to diagnose liver cancer. However, the specificity and sensitivity of AFP for screening of hepatocellular carcinoma are not very satisfactory. With the continuous development of molecular biology, a variety of new markers have been discovered, these markers involved in liver cancer protein antigens, enzymes and isozymes, cytokines, related genes and several other aspects, it became a hot topic in the study of liver cancer , And is expected to change the status of early diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of liver cancer.