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动词时态种类繁多,概念复杂,是高考单项选择题的必考语法项目。解题时,不妨在读懂句意的基础上,利用“时”和“体”的概念分两步来判断时态。
第一步,明确动作发生的“时间点”。一个动作发生的时间点不外乎过去、现在和将来,解时态题的第一步就是要根据句意,明确该动作到底发生在哪一个时间点上。
第二步,判断该动作发生的“体”。“体”指动作发生时的状态,通常有进行体、完成体和一般体三种状态。
“进行体”表示某一动作正在进行或发生之中。例如You are still watching TV, why not do something more active一句中,“看电视”这一动作正在进行之中。
“完成体”表示某一动作已经发生并产生了一定的影响。例如Great changes have taken place in the past few years一句中,“变化”这一动作已经发生并且具有影响。
“一般体”既不表示“进行”又不表示“完成”,而是指经常性、习惯性的动作。例如When I was a boy, I often went to play in the park一句中,“去公园玩”这一动作发生在过去,是过去“我”的一种习惯。
答题时,只要按照这两步进行,就能轻松选择正确的时态。
例1Over the past decades, sea icein the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A. had decreased B. decreased
C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing
例1考查现在完成进行时。句子意思为“在过去的几十年中,由于全球变暖,北极的冰在持续减少”。由句意可知“减少”这一动作过去至今一直在发生,所以时间点应是现在,据此可以排除A、B选项;而该动作的状态是“已经发生并还在进行之中”,所以选C。
例2If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, youfresh watermelon in the fall.
A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating
例2句意为“如果在春天种下西瓜种子,你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜”,考查if引导的条件从句中主句的动词时态。“吃西瓜”这一动作是将来会发生的,这一动作发生时的状态既可能是一般体,表示一个经常性的动作,也可能是进行体,表示正在进行中的动作。选项中只有将来进行时,所以选D。
动词时态是“时”与“体”的结合,如果同学们能掌握好这两个概念,对各种时态将会有新的认识,从而提高动词时态单选题的解题能力。
【牛刀小试】
1. —Guess what!We’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! Youa different culture then.
A. will be experiencing B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced
2. —Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No, Ithe book, so I already knew the story.
A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read
3. —We’ve spent too much money recently.
—Well, it isn’t surprising. Our friends and relativesaround all the time.
A. are coming B. had come
C. were coming D. have been coming
4. I walked slowly through the market, where peopleall kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
5. Up to now, the programthousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
6. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cuttingat the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited
7. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No , I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do
8. Iall the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done
【参考答案】
1. A (本题考查将来进行时。根据句意可知“体验”发生的时间是将来,是在游览的同时发生的,故选A)
2. B (本题考查过去完成时。根据句意可知“读书”发生在“知道故事的结局”之前,是过去的过去,故选B)
3. D (本题考查现在完成进行时。根据句意可知“亲戚朋友过来”发生的时间是现在,根据句中all the time可判断其状态为已发生且还在进行之中,故选D)
4. B (本题考查过去进行时。根据句意可知“出售”发生的时间是过去,其状态为正在进行,故选B)
5. D (本题考查现在完成时。根据句意可知“挽救”发生的时间是现在,其状态为已完成,故选D)
6. C (本题考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据句意可知“展览”发生的时间是现在,其状态为正在被动地进行,故选C)
7. A (本题考查过去进行时。根据句意可知“做作业”发生的时间是过去,根据句中的all day推断此处强调该动作一直进行,故选A)
8. B (本题考查一般现在时。根据句意可知“烧饭”发生的时间是现在,并且是经常性的行为,故选B)
第一步,明确动作发生的“时间点”。一个动作发生的时间点不外乎过去、现在和将来,解时态题的第一步就是要根据句意,明确该动作到底发生在哪一个时间点上。
第二步,判断该动作发生的“体”。“体”指动作发生时的状态,通常有进行体、完成体和一般体三种状态。
“进行体”表示某一动作正在进行或发生之中。例如You are still watching TV, why not do something more active一句中,“看电视”这一动作正在进行之中。
“完成体”表示某一动作已经发生并产生了一定的影响。例如Great changes have taken place in the past few years一句中,“变化”这一动作已经发生并且具有影响。
“一般体”既不表示“进行”又不表示“完成”,而是指经常性、习惯性的动作。例如When I was a boy, I often went to play in the park一句中,“去公园玩”这一动作发生在过去,是过去“我”的一种习惯。
答题时,只要按照这两步进行,就能轻松选择正确的时态。
例1Over the past decades, sea icein the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A. had decreased B. decreased
C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing
例1考查现在完成进行时。句子意思为“在过去的几十年中,由于全球变暖,北极的冰在持续减少”。由句意可知“减少”这一动作过去至今一直在发生,所以时间点应是现在,据此可以排除A、B选项;而该动作的状态是“已经发生并还在进行之中”,所以选C。
例2If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, youfresh watermelon in the fall.
A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating
例2句意为“如果在春天种下西瓜种子,你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜”,考查if引导的条件从句中主句的动词时态。“吃西瓜”这一动作是将来会发生的,这一动作发生时的状态既可能是一般体,表示一个经常性的动作,也可能是进行体,表示正在进行中的动作。选项中只有将来进行时,所以选D。
动词时态是“时”与“体”的结合,如果同学们能掌握好这两个概念,对各种时态将会有新的认识,从而提高动词时态单选题的解题能力。
【牛刀小试】
1. —Guess what!We’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! Youa different culture then.
A. will be experiencing B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced
2. —Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No, Ithe book, so I already knew the story.
A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read
3. —We’ve spent too much money recently.
—Well, it isn’t surprising. Our friends and relativesaround all the time.
A. are coming B. had come
C. were coming D. have been coming
4. I walked slowly through the market, where peopleall kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
5. Up to now, the programthousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
6. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cuttingat the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited
7. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No , I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do
8. Iall the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done
【参考答案】
1. A (本题考查将来进行时。根据句意可知“体验”发生的时间是将来,是在游览的同时发生的,故选A)
2. B (本题考查过去完成时。根据句意可知“读书”发生在“知道故事的结局”之前,是过去的过去,故选B)
3. D (本题考查现在完成进行时。根据句意可知“亲戚朋友过来”发生的时间是现在,根据句中all the time可判断其状态为已发生且还在进行之中,故选D)
4. B (本题考查过去进行时。根据句意可知“出售”发生的时间是过去,其状态为正在进行,故选B)
5. D (本题考查现在完成时。根据句意可知“挽救”发生的时间是现在,其状态为已完成,故选D)
6. C (本题考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据句意可知“展览”发生的时间是现在,其状态为正在被动地进行,故选C)
7. A (本题考查过去进行时。根据句意可知“做作业”发生的时间是过去,根据句中的all day推断此处强调该动作一直进行,故选A)
8. B (本题考查一般现在时。根据句意可知“烧饭”发生的时间是现在,并且是经常性的行为,故选B)