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理论上看,FDI带来了创新资源,改变了企业获取技术的方式,将从自主研发和技术引进两个方面对东道国企业研发产生不同程度的影响。但不同渠道所带来的最终结果则受到技术环境的影响,因为技术环境直接影响着企业的研发收益和成本。运用1995—2014年大中型工业企业的数据进行实证检验后发现:FDI对企业自主研发投入和产出具有微弱的正向影响,以技术市场发展、知识产权保护、技术服务表征的技术环境变量与FDI的交互项对自主研发投入和产出的影响均为显著,这说明技术环境在FDI与企业自主研发关系中发挥着正向调节作用。进一步对不同所有制企业进行分类实证后表明,技术环境对非国有企业自主研发的调节作用更大。基于此,本文从推进技术市场建设、完善知识产权保护制度、加快技术服务发展、出台优惠政策等方面提出了促进企业自主研发的政策建议。
Theoretically speaking, FDI has brought about innovation resources and changed the way companies acquire technology. It will have different degrees of influence on host country R&D from R&D and technology introduction. However, the final results brought by different channels are affected by the technological environment, because the technical environment directly affects the R&D revenue and costs of the company. Using the data of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises from 1995 to 2014 to empirically test, it is found that FDI has a slight positive impact on independent R&D input and output of enterprises, and technical environmental variables characterized by technological market development, intellectual property protection, and technical services. The interactive items of FDI have significant influence on the R&D investment and output of independent R&D. This shows that the technical environment plays a positive regulatory role in the relationship between FDI and R&D. Further empirical analysis of different types of enterprises shows that the technical environment has greater regulatory effects on non-state-owned enterprises’ independent research and development. Based on this, this article puts forward policy suggestions for promoting independent research and development of enterprises from the aspects of advancing the construction of technological markets, perfecting the system of intellectual property protection, accelerating the development of technical services, and issuing preferential policies.