一、前言随着科学与工业技术的发展,腐蚀科学在国民经济中所占地位越来越重要。工业发达国家曾对腐蚀造成的巨大损失进行了许多调查。国外的统计表明,腐蚀造成的直接经济损失约占国民经济生产总值的1—4%,每年由于腐蚀使钢铁产量的10—20%变为锈,约有30%的钢铁设备报废。国内虽然还没有完整的统计资料,但腐蚀问题却普遍存 I. Introduction With the development of science and industrial technology, the position of corrosive science in the national economy is becoming more and more important. Industrialized countries have conducted many investigations into the huge losses caused by corrosion. Foreign statistics show that the direct economic loss caused by the corrosion accounts for about 1-4% of the GDP of the country. Corrosion causes 10-20% of the steel output to become rust annually, and about 30% of the steel equipment is scrapped. Although there is no complete domestic statistics, the problem of corrosion is widespread