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罗尔斯在其著作《正义论》中,区分出了两种功利主义原则,即,平均功利主义原则和古典功利主义原则。罗尔斯从原初状态的视角,对这两种功利主义原则的局限性进行了分析,前者的局限性体现在概率判断的不可靠性和期望的特殊性质上,后者的局限性主要在于把“不偏不倚”非人格化。通过这样的分析,罗尔斯试图为原初状态基础上的两个正义原则优于功利主义原则提供论证基础。
In his book The Theory of Justice, Rawls distinguishes two utilitarian principles: the principle of average utilitarianism and the principle of classical utilitarianism. Rawls analyzed the limitations of these two utilitarian principles from the original perspective. The limitations of the former are reflected in the unreliability of probabilistic judgments and the special nature of expectations. The limitations of the latter lie mainly in the fact that “Unbiased ” impersonal. Through such an analysis, Rawls tries to provide the argumentation foundation for the two principles of justice based on the original state to surpass utilitarian principles.