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本文通过对江苏省不同农区土壤耕法调查和定位试验,比较了三种不同耕法对稻麦产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在同期播种的条件下,少、免耕麦增产机率大,且粘壤土大于砂壤土。免耕稻在人工栽插的条件下,易造成减产,其幅度是粘壤土类大于砂壤土类。两者增减产变幅,都有从南到北(N32°10′—N34°30′)逐渐增大的趋势。连续少、免耕明显地提高了土壤表层养分,但7cm以下土壤容重增大,有机质、速效氮、磷、钾均有所下降,草害严重,影响作物高产。在试验的基础上,作者提出了适应不同农区土壤,以少耕为主体,少、免耕交替,定期耕翻的深耕、浅耕、免耕有机结合的轮耕新体制,较好地解决了少、免耕连续应用所带来的弊端,为稻麦持续高产提供了科学耕作新技术。
Through the investigation of soil tillage in different agricultural areas of Jiangsu Province and the location test, the effects of three different tillage methods on the yield and soil fertility of rice and wheat were compared. The results showed that under the conditions of sowing in the same period, the probability of increasing tillage wheat was higher than that of sandy loam soil. No-till rice under artificial planting conditions, easy to reduce production, the magnitude of the clay loam than sand loam soil class. Both increase and decrease of output amplitude, there is a trend from south to north (N32 ° 10’-N34 ° 30 ’) gradually increased. Continuous no-tillage, no-tillage significantly increased soil surface nutrients, but under 7cm soil bulk density increased, organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium decreased, severe grass damage, affecting crop yield. On the basis of the experiment, the author put forward a new rotary tilting system that adapts to different farmland soils, takes less tillage as the main body, less, no-tillage alternates, and plowing regularly, deep tillage, shallow tillage and no tillage, For a long time, the shortcomings of continuous application without tillage have provided new scientific cultivation techniques for the continuous high yield of rice and wheat.