论文部分内容阅读
血管扩张剂对心脏无直接作用,主要通过作用于外周血管而改善心脏功能。以酚妥拉明、肼苯哒嗪及东茛菪碱为代表的小动脉扩张剂可使周围血管阻力下降,减轻心脏排血阻抗(后负荷),从而增加射血分数。其效应主要是减轻前向衰竭,改善周围组织灌注。以硝酸甘油或消心痛为代表的小静脉扩张剂可增加静脉系统容量,从而减少回心血量(前负荷)及减轻肺循环阻力。其效应主要是减轻后向衰竭,改善肺淤血、肺水肿。而硝普钠、哌唑嗪
Vasodilators have no direct effect on the heart and improve heart function mainly by acting on the peripheral blood vessels. Small arteriolar dilators, represented by phentolamine, hydralazine and scopolamine, reduce peripheral vascular resistance and decrease cardiac discharge impedance (postload), thereby increasing ejection fraction. Its main effect is to reduce the anterior failure and improve peripheral perfusion. Small venous dilators, represented by nitroglycerin or nocturnal pain, increase venous system capacity, thereby reducing the amount of blood back (preload) and the resistance to pulmonary circulation. Its main effect is to reduce the backward failure, improve lung congestion, pulmonary edema. Sodium nitroprusside, prazosin