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目的分析河北省农田土壤重金属污染现状及健康风险。方法应用分层随机抽样法,于2014年在全省范围采集2 700份农田土壤样本,检测其中铅、镉、铬含量,运用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的模型进行健康风险评价。结果铅、镉、铬平均含量依次为18.52、0.4、39.63 mg/kg;13.74%的样本镉含量超出国家二级标准,铅、铬含量均未超标;重金属通过皮肤接触产生的非致癌风险为1.7×10-6~8.25×10-4,大小依次为铬>铅>镉,均低于非致癌风险阈值1;镉、铬致癌风险为4.40×10-9~4.34×10-5,在可接受水平内(10-6~10-4);镉造成的成人预期寿命损失为0.03~1.17 min,铬为29.22~269.77 min。结论河北省部分农田土壤已受到镉污染,重金属经皮肤接触产生的非致癌风险和致癌风险均不会对人体造成健康危害。
Objective To analyze the status of heavy metal pollution and health risks of farmland soil in Hebei Province. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to collect 2 700 farmland soil samples in 2014 to detect the content of lead, cadmium and chromium in the whole province. The health risk assessment was conducted using the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Results The average contents of lead, cadmium and chromium were 18.52,0.4 and 39.63 mg / kg respectively. The cadmium content of 13.74% samples exceeded the national second-class standard, and the contents of lead and chromium were not exceeded. The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals through skin contact was 1.7 × 10-6 ~ 8.25 × 10-4, followed by chrome> lead> cadmium in the order of less than the non-carcinogenic risk threshold of 1; cadmium, chromium carcinogenic risk of 4.40 × 10-9 ~ 4.34 × 10-5, acceptable (10-6 ~ 10-4). The loss of adult life expectancy caused by cadmium was 0.03-1.17 min, and the chromium was 29.22-269.77 min. Conclusion Some farmland soils in Hebei Province have been polluted by cadmium. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks resulting from heavy metal contact with the skin will not cause any health hazard to the human body.