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探测器暗电流及其测量不确定度是影响短波红外偏振测量仪器测量精度的最重要因素。首先,结合红外探测器的工作原理,分析并建立了暗电流影响下的红外探测系统噪声模型。根据分析结果设计实验获得短波红外探测器G5853-21暗电流与温度和反向偏压关系。然后,以分孔径偏振探测系统为例,推导了斯托克斯参数误差模型和偏振度误差模型。最后,重点分析空间环境应用背景下,针对暗电流影响的改进措施,提出了探测器精确温控的暗电流影响改进方案,并给出了短波红外探测器工作温度指标要求。结果表明:通过对探测器进行精确的温度控制以降低暗电流数值,可以将包含暗电流测量不确定度和其他噪声引起的偏振度测量误差控制在0.42%(p=0.3时)以内。
Detector dark current and its measurement uncertainty are the most important factors affecting the measurement accuracy of shortwave infrared polarization measuring instruments. First of all, combined with the working principle of infrared detector, the noise model of infrared detection system under the influence of dark current is analyzed and established. According to the results of the analysis, the dark current and temperature and reverse bias of the short-wave infrared detector G5853-21 were obtained experimentally. Then, taking the split-aperture polarization detection system as an example, the Stokes parameter error model and the polarization error model are deduced. Finally, focusing on the background of the application of space environment, aiming at the improvement of dark current, an improved scheme of dark current with accurate temperature control of the detector is put forward, and the working temperature index of the shortwave infrared detector is given. The results show that by precisely controlling the temperature of the detector to reduce dark current values, the error in measurement of polarization due to measurement uncertainty of dark current and other noises can be controlled within 0.42% (p = 0.3).