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就象孟德尔的遗传学理论在35年之后被重新发现那样,1983年10月瑞典皇家科学院决定把本年度诺贝尔医学或生理学奖金全部授予81岁的美国科学家巴巴拉·麦克林托克(Barbara McClintok),以表彰她40年前提出基因能从一个位点转移到另一个位点而对科学和人类作出的伟大贡献。麦克林托克1902年生于美国东北部的哈特福德市,1919年入康奈尔大学主攻植物学。她从二十年代开始研究玉米的遗传,利用一个染色体畸变,发现减数分裂中同源染色体片段的交换行为和后代的基因型平行,证明了染色体的确是基因的载体。1944年,她被选进美国
Just as Mendel’s genetic theory was rediscovered 35 years later, in October 1983, the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences decided to grant all this year’s Nobel prize in medicine or physiology to the 81-year-old American scientist Barbara McClintok ) In recognition of her great contribution to science and mankind 40 years ago when it was proposed that genes can be transferred from one site to another. McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, northeastern United States, in 1919 to Cornell University, the main botany. She studied the inheritance of maize from the 1920s. Using a chromosomal aberration, she found that the exchange behavior of homologous chromosome fragments in meiosis is parallel to the genotype of offspring, and it is proved that the chromosome is really the carrier of gene. In 1944, she was elected to the United States