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目的:分析产后女性腹直肌分离现况及影响因素。方法:选择2020年6-10月在深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院进行产后体检的3 368例产后女性临床资料进行回顾性分析，收集一般资料、腹直肌分离、盆腔脏器脱垂等情况进行横断面调查研究。结果:产后女性腹直肌分离发生率为60.7%（2 045/3 368）；<30岁、≥30岁［56.8%［（856/1 507）与63.9%（1 189/1 861），n χ2=17.54］，孕期体质量增长<16 kg、≥16 kg［59.1%（1 351/2 285）与64.1%（694/1 083），n χ2=7.57］，顺产、剖宫产［55.7%（1 262/2 266）与71.7%（790/1 102），n χ2=77.87］，妊娠1、2、≥3次［53.9%（645/1 196）、62.1%（702/1 131）与 67.1%（698/1 041），n χ2=41.48］，生产1、2、≥3次［53.9%（877/1 628）、67.0%（1 016/1 517）与 68.2%（151/ 223），n χ2=62.09］，有无巨大儿史［68.7%（160/233）与 60.1%（1 885/3 135），n χ2=6.64］，有无阴道前壁脱垂［75.2%（1 559/2 072）与37.5%（486/1 296），n χ2=476.15］腹直肌分离的发生率比较，差异均有统计学意义（均n P<0.05）；Logistic回归分析显示，妊娠≥3次（n OR=1.572，95%n CI：1.271~1.945）、剖宫产（n OR=2.440，95%n CI：2.050~2.905）、巨大儿史（n OR=1.660，95%n CI：1.213~2.273）、阴道前壁脱垂（n OR=7.324，95%n CI：6.083~8.819）均为腹直肌分离的危险因素（均n P<0.05）。n 结论:产后女性腹直肌分离发生率较高；妊娠≥3次、剖宫产、巨大儿史、阴道前壁脱垂在产后腹直肌分离的发生中起到重要作用。“,”Objective:To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of rectus abdominis muscle separation in postpartum women.Methods:The clinical data of 3 368 postpartum women who underwent postpartum physical examination in Shenzhen Longgang maternal and child health hospital from June to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The general data, rectus abdominis separation and pelvic organ prolapse were collected for cross-sectional investigation.Results:The incidence of rectus abdominis separation in postpartum women was 60.7% (2 045/3 368). <30 years old, ≥30 years old (56.8% (856/1 507) and 63.9% (1 189/1 861), n χ2=17.54)). The increase of body mass during pregnancy was <16 kg, ≥16 kg (59.1% (1 351/2 285) and 64.1% (694/1 083), n χ2=7.57)). Spontaneous labor and cesarean section (55.7% (1 262/2 266) and 71.7% (790/1 102), n χ2=77.87)). Pregnancy 1, 2, ≥3 times (53.9% (645/1 196), 62.1% (702/1 131) and 67.1% (698/1 041), n χ2=41.48). Production for 1, 2, ≥3 times (53.9% (877/1 628), 67.0% (1 016/1 517) and 68.2% (151/223), n χ2=62.09)). History of macrosomia (68.7% (160/233) and 60.1% (1 885/3 135), n χ2=6.64)). Prolapse of anterior vaginal wall (75.2% (1 559/2 072) and 37.5% (486/1 296), n χ2=476.15), there were significant differences in the incidence of rectus abdominis separation (all n P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ≥ 3 times pregnancies (n OR=1.572,95%n CI=1.270-1.945),cesarean section (n OR=2.440,95%n CI=2.050-2.905),macrosomia (n OR=1.660,95%n CI=1.213-2.273), anterior vaginal prolapse(n OR=7.324,95%n CI=6.083-8.819) were risk factors of diastasis recti abdominis (all n P<0.05).n Conclusions:The incidence of rectus abdominis separation in postpartum women is high. Three or more pregnancies, cesarean section, history of macrosomia and prolapse of anterior vaginal wall play an important role in the occurrence of rectus abdominis separation.