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兰学的兴盛,是日本近代科学文化的胚胎,也是日本由封闭的封建社会向开放的近代社会过渡的重要转机。18世纪初,江户幕府实行锁国政策。当时跟欧洲的接触仅以长崎为窗口,并只与荷兰人有贸易往来。“兰学”就是当时的日本人通过荷兰人和以荷兰语为媒介来吸收欧洲文化的总称。就“兰学”的具体内容而言,包括荷兰语学、医学和本草学、天文地理学、兵学以及人文科学等方面的学问~①。当时,长崎、江户(东京)、京都、大阪等都市为兰学兴盛之地,而大阪兰学的兴盛则比上述其它城市晚一些,但有其明显的特点。本文仅就大阪兰学的鼻祖——桥本宗吉的生平业绩来考察大阪兰学发展的一个断面。
The prosperity of Lanxue is the embryo of Japan’s modern science and culture and an important turning point for Japan’s transition from a closed feudal society to an open modern society. Early 18th century, the Edo shogunate policy of locking the country. At that time, the contact with Europe only used Nagasaki as a window and only dealt with the Dutch. “Lanxue ” is the general name of the Japanese at that time to absorb the European culture through the Dutch and the Dutch as a medium. As far as the specific content of “Lanxue” is concerned, it includes the knowledge of Dutch linguistics, medicine and herbalism, astronomy geography, military science and humanities. At that time, the cities of Nagasaki, Edo (Tokyo), Kyoto and Osaka were the places where Lanxue prospered, while the rise of Osaka Lanxue was later than the other cities mentioned above, but with obvious characteristics. This article only examines the history of Osaka-Lanxue in terms of the life achievements of Sakamoto Zongji, the founder of Osaka Lanxue.