论文部分内容阅读
为了明确温度对桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)生长发育和繁殖的影响,本实验在恒温条件(15,19,23,27和31℃共5个温度梯度)下,以板栗为寄主食料,研究了温度对桃蛀螟实验种群生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:温度对桃蛀螟各虫态的发育历期、存活率、蛹重以及种群繁殖力有显著影响。在15～27℃范围内,各虫态的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率与温度呈显著正相关。但是,当温度上升至31℃时,幼虫生长发育受到抑制,其发育历期比27℃时延长了1.11d,而卵期、蛹期和产卵前期仍符合随温度升高趋于缩短的趋势。此外,15℃下桃蛀螟5龄幼虫发育停滞,表明老熟幼虫的发育起点温度高于其他低龄幼虫。桃蛀螟世代存活率随环境温度变化的大小顺序为23℃>27℃>19℃>31℃,其中,23～27℃的存活率较高,为54.44%～63.56%,31℃时为4.30%,说明温度过高或过低均不利于其生长发育。成虫产卵量在23℃时最高,单雌平均产卵量达55.00粒,其次为19℃和27℃,单雌平均产卵量分别为43.30和39.70粒;31℃下产卵量最少,仅为20.90粒。由直接最优法计算得到桃蛀螟卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、产卵前期及全世代的发育起点温度分别为10.37,10.06,14.27,7.47和11.85℃,有效积温依次为70.84,287.71,118.42,58.33和509.06日度。研究结果为桃蛀螟发生期的预测预报提供了基础参考数据,对指导生产实践有实际的应用意义。
In order to clarify the effect of temperature on the growth and reproduction of Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée), the experiment was conducted under the conditions of constant temperature (5 temperature gradients at 15, 19, 23, 27 and 31 ℃) Effects of Temperature on Growth, Development and Reproduction of Experimental Population of Caenorhabditis. The results showed that temperature had a significant effect on the developmental stages, survival rate, pupal weight and population fertility of the moth borer. In the range of 15 ~ 27 ℃, the developmental stages of all the insect states were shortened with the increase of temperature, and the developmental rates were positively correlated with the temperature. However, the growth of larvae was inhibited when the temperature was raised to 31 ℃. The developmental duration of larvae was 1.11d longer than that of 27 ℃, while the oviposition, pupae and pre-oviposition tended to shorten with increasing temperature . In addition, the 5th instar larvae of the Laodelphax striatellus larvae stagnated at 15 ℃, indicating that the larval development temperature of mature larvae was higher than that of other larvae. The order of the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster was 23 ℃> 27 ℃> 19 ℃> 31 ℃, of which the survival rate of 23-27 ℃ was 54.44% -63.56%, and the survival rate at 31 ℃ was 4.30 %, Indicating that the temperature is too high or too low are not conducive to their growth and development. The fecundity of adults was the highest at 23 ℃. The average fecundity per females was 55.00, followed by 19 ℃ and 27 ℃. The average fecundity per females was 43.30 and 39.70, respectively. 20.90 tablets. The direct and optimum method was used to calculate the onset temperature of larvae, pupal stage, pre-oviposition stage and generational generation, respectively, and the effective starting temperature was 10.37,10.06,14.27,7.47 and 11.85 ℃ respectively, the effective accumulated temperature was 70.84,287.71, 118.42, 58.33 and 509.06 day. The results provide the basic reference data for the prediction of the occurrence of peach borer, and have practical significance in guiding the production practice.