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本文综述由碳、硅、硼氮和二硫化钼等单元素或双元素构成的二维六角晶体材料中Dirac电子的研究成果与最新进展。文章从引言开始,接着介绍这些二维六角晶体材料的空间结构和基本电子性质;然后探讨外场调控下这些材料在能谱和光吸收、量子输运、激子凝聚和热Josephson效应,以及拓扑量子相变等方面所表现出来的新奇的物理现象、简要的理论处理和可能的应用前景;最后给出二维六角晶体材料相关研究的总结和展望。谨以本文献给南京大学建立物理学科100周年。
In this paper, the research progress and recent progress of Dirac electron in two-dimensional hexagonal crystal materials composed of single or double elements of carbon, silicon, boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide are reviewed. The article begins with an introduction, and then introduces the spatial structure and basic electronic properties of these two-dimensional hexagonal crystal materials. Then we discuss the energy spectra and optical absorption, quantum transport, exciton agglomeration and thermal Josephson effect of these materials under field control, Change and other aspects of the novel physical phenomena, a brief theoretical treatment and possible application prospects; finally gives the summary and prospect of two-dimensional hexagonal crystal materials related research. I would like to give this paper to Nanjing University 100th anniversary of the establishment of physics.