诺贝尔奖从1901年颁发至今已走过了近一个世纪的历程。诺贝尔奖不仅是对科学家个人能力的承认,而且几乎一开始就被用来作为衡量某个国家或组织科学地位的普遍尺度。正如科学家所获得奖励的数目和级别决定了他(她)在科学共同体的分层位置一样,拥有诺贝尔奖获得者的多寡也将国家和组织进行科学分层。某个国家的诺贝尔奖获得者人数越多,这个国家的科学技术实力就越强。 Nobel Prize awarded from 1901 up to now has gone through nearly a century of history. The Nobel Prize is not only a recognition of a scientist's personal abilities, but has been used nearly as a universal measure of the scientific status of a country or organization from the outset. Just as the number and level of awards won by scientists determine his or her hierarchical position in the scientific community, the number of Nobel laureates who win the science layer also stratifies the state and the organization. The more Nobel Prize winners in a country, the stronger the country's science and technology.