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目的探索鼠疫杆菌在历史鼠疫疫源地自然界保存状况和保存机理,为鼠疫预防控制提供依据。方法在历史疫源地设立固定监测点和流动监测点,对鼠疫宿主动物和媒介密度和种群分布进行调查;采用反向间接血凝法检测鼠肝、脾、淋巴结的鼠疫F1抗体;用PCR技术对历史鼠疫病死者墓地周围鼠洞遗留物进行鼠疫杆菌核酸检测;对既往鼠疫F1抗体阳性者进行检测。结果历史疫区自然环境适宜啮齿动物及其体表蚤类媒介生长繁殖;室内优势宿主动物为褐家鼠及黄胸鼠,分别占12.19%和3.83%;采集宿主动物血清2 559份,指示动物血清120份(狗40份,家猪57份,野猪23份),检测结果均为阴性;历史鼠疫病死者墓地周围鼠洞遗留物65份标本检测结果均为阴性;既往血清鼠疫F1抗体阳性49人,追踪调查22人,检测结果均为阴性。结论庆元县历史疫区生态环境适合鼠疫宿主和媒介的生长繁殖,具备鼠疫发生流行的自然条件;加强监测和严防输入是当前首要任务。
Objective To explore the conservation and preservation mechanism of Yersinia pestis in the natural history of plague origin in history and to provide basis for the prevention and control of plague. Methods The fixed monitoring points and flow monitoring points were set up in the historic foci to investigate the distribution of host animal and media density and population in the plague host. The F1 antibody against plague in rat liver, spleen and lymph nodes was detected by reverse indirect hemagglutination. Yersinia pestis nucleic acid was detected on the remnant of rat hole around the cemetery of the plague of historic plague disease, and the F1 antibody positive in the past plague was detected. Results The natural environment of historical epidemic area was suitable for growth and reproduction of rodents and their surface fleas. The indoor dominant host animals were Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus, accounting for 12.19% and 3.83% respectively; 2 559 serums of host animals were collected to instruct animals Serums of 120 (40 dogs, 57 domestic pigs, 23 wild boar), the test results were negative; historical plague plague surrounding rat hole remnants of 65 specimens were negative test results; previous serum-containing plague F1 antibody-positive 49 Person, follow-up survey of 22 people, the test results were negative. Conclusion The ecological environment in the historic epidemic area of Qingyuan County is suitable for the growth and reproduction of plague host and vector, which possesses the natural conditions of prevalence of plague. To strengthen the monitoring and prevention of input is the most important task at present.