十八、十九世纪之交,是资本主义社会科学技术发展的重要时期。新的生产方法和交通、通讯工具已经发明,并得到广泛应用;工厂代替了手工作坊,城市在旧的躯体上迅速增长。城市成为社会矛盾的焦点,于是从文艺复兴以来,作为政治控制手段的城市规划完全不适合了,新理论的前景已经出现。近两百年来,对城市规划问题的探索和实践过程中,出现了很多卓越的理论家、建筑师和城市规划师。城市规划理论基本是围绕着空想的或实际的、机械的或自然的、集中的或分散的两条路线发展的。两者在对立中前进,不断丰富着人类解决城市问题的思想库。十八世纪理想城市和工人镇设计 The turn of the 18th and 19th centuries was an important period for the development of capitalist society science and technology. New production methods and transportation and communication tools have been invented and widely used; factories have replaced manual workshops and cities have grown rapidly on the old body. The city has become the focus of social contradictions. So since the Renaissance, urban planning as a means of political control has been totally inappropriate, and the prospects of the new theory have emerged. In the past two hundred years, many outstanding theorists, architects, and urban planners have emerged in the exploration and practice of urban planning. The urban planning theory is basically developed around two utopian or practical, mechanical or natural, centralized or decentralized routes. The two are advancing in opposition and continue to enrich the human thinking pool for solving urban problems. Eighteenth Century Ideal City and Workers’ Town Design