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霍克海默继承了“文化”在德语语境中兼指文化和文明的传统,并将之融入具体的文化批判,因而他的文化概念也具有双重性:文化既是一种自由精神,同时又包括文明的要素。霍克海默对启蒙文化的批判也是基于启蒙作为进步精神和极权主义的双重性之上。文化批判的内核乃是对于理性的批判,主观理性与客观理性作为理性的两个方面,任何一方的极端发展都会导致非理性的倾向。霍克海默的这一从概念内部展开批判的方法及其文化批判的多层次探究,值得当今的文化研究认真借鉴。
Horkheimer inherited the “culture” in the context of German language and cultural traditions and traditions, and into the specific cultural criticism, so his concept of culture is also a dual nature: culture is both a spirit of freedom, at the same time But also includes the elements of civilization. Horkheimer’s critique of enlightenment culture is also based on the duality of enlightenment as a progressive spirit and totalitarianism. The core of cultural criticism is the critique of rationality. Subjective rationality and objective rationality are two aspects of rationality. The extreme development of any one party leads to an irrational tendency. Horkheimer’s criticism of this way from the concept of internal development and cultural criticism of multi-level exploration, it is worth studying today’s cultural studies seriously.