随着中国老龄化形势的日益严峻,中国社会养老保障体系面临的压力和挑战日益突出,主要集中在三方面:养老金积累不充分。作为全球第二大经济体,中国养老金不仅绝对规模小,而且与国家经济体量也不相符。相比之下,美国养老金总体规模已超过20万亿美元,超过GDP规模,人均养老金达到6万美金,而中国养老金总体规模不足5万亿人民币,不到GDP的十分之一,人均水平则更低,远远不能满足居民的养老保障需要。 As the situation of aging in China worsens, the pressures and challenges facing China’s social security system have become increasingly prominent. There are mainly three aspects: the accumulation of pensions is not sufficient. As the world’s second-largest economy, China’s pension system is not only relatively small in scale, but also does not match the national economy. In contrast, the overall size of the United States pension has more than 20 trillion US dollars, exceeding the scale of GDP, per capita pension reached 60,000 US dollars, while the overall size of China’s pension less than 5 trillion yuan, less than one-tenth of GDP, Per capita level is even lower, far from meeting the needs of the residents’ old-age security.