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近年来,尼日利亚政府拟出台新的石油工业法案,通过改革解决油气工业领域存在的种种问题和矛盾。改革的主要目的在于促进尼日利亚油气工业更加透明,创造公开、公平的竞争环境,增加国家油气收入,提高对外国投资者的吸引力,促进本地化发展。新法案的改革内容主要是财税制度改革和制度与政策改革。制度与政策改革的核心是经营权与监管权的分离,并围绕监管和商业运作两个主题建立机构。财税制度改革的核心目标是简化政府石油收入的征收方式,分享油公司在高油价下的暴利,从深水区和资源潜力巨大区域获取更多的收入,通过鼓励边际油田和天然气领域投资,创造更多的就业和商业机会。不过,新法案严苛的财税条款受到国际石油公司的激烈抵制,尼日利亚南北方、地区、部族之间围绕石油利益分配陷入博弈困局,许可证授予与管理的公开性和透明度也广受诟病。新法案的出台恐怕仍然需要一个漫长的过程。新法案的久拖不决、政策的不确定性以及日益严峻的社会安全形势,使得一些国际石油公司已着手优化在尼油气资产,这对于中国石油企业来说既是重要机遇又具有极大挑战。
In recent years, the Nigerian government plans to introduce a new oil industry act and solve the problems and contradictions existing in the oil and gas industry through reform. The main purpose of the reform is to promote the transparency of the Nigerian oil and gas industry, create an open and fair competitive environment, increase the country’s oil and gas revenues, increase its attractiveness to foreign investors and promote its localization. The main content of the reform of the new act is the reform of fiscal and taxation system and system and policy reform. The core of the system and policy reform is the separation of management rights and regulatory powers and the establishment of institutions around the two themes of regulation and commercial operation. The core objectives of the fiscal and taxation system reform are to simplify the collection of government oil revenues, share oil companies’ profits at high oil prices, obtain more revenue from deepwater areas and huge potential areas, and create more by encouraging investment in marginal fields and natural gas. More employment and business opportunities. However, the stringent fiscal provisions of the new act have been fiercely boycotted by international oil companies. Nigeria has been plagued by the game of oil distribution among North, South, and the tribe, and the openness and transparency of licensing and management are also widely criticized. The introduction of the new act probably still needs a long process. The long delay of the new act, the uncertainty of the policy and the increasingly serious social security situation have caused some international oil companies to proceed with the optimization of their oil and gas assets in Nigeria. This is an important opportunity and a great challenge for Chinese petroleum enterprises.