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目的分析2005—2014年北京市肺结核流行病学特征,为北京市结核病防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法,对2005—2014年北京市报告发病的肺结核患者资料进行分析。结果 2005—2014年北京市共报告发病肺结核患者85 605例,报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势(Cochran-Armitage趋势检验,Z=-53.22,P<0.01);全年各月报告发病数以3月最高,之后缓慢下降;全市16个区均有肺结核病例的报告,年均报告发病率前5位的分别为门头沟区、丰台区、昌平区、西城区、和通州区。男女比例为1.93:1;报告病例主要集中在15~59岁年龄段,占病例总数79.05%;15~岁和≥65岁为高发年龄,报告发病率分别为61.24/10万和83.58/10万;职业分布居前5位的分别为家务及待业、农牧渔民、离退人员、学生和教师、工人,分别占患者总数的20.20%、16.04%、12.88%、9.50%和9.23%。结论北京市结核病报告发病率总体呈逐年下降趋势,各区之间发病率有差异,男性、青壮年和老年人、家务及待业等是结核高发因素,应有针对性的加强重点人群的防控措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Beijing from 2005 to 2014 and provide basis for prevention and control of tuberculosis in Beijing. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Beijing from 2005 to 2014. Results A total of 85 605 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in Beijing in 2005-2014. The reported incidence showed a declining trend year by year (Cochran-Armitage trend test, Z = -53.22, P <0.01). The number of reported cases in each month of the year was March Highest, and then slowly declining. There are reports of tuberculosis cases in 16 districts of the city, with the top five reported in the top five cities being Mentougou District, Fengtai District, Changping District, Xicheng District and Tongzhou District respectively. The ratio of male to female was 1.93: 1. The reported cases mainly concentrated in the age group of 15-59 years, accounting for 79.05% of the total cases. The age of 15 and 65 was the highest, and the reported rates were 61.24 / lakh and 83.58 / lakh respectively ; The top 5 occupations were housework and unemployed, farmers, retired fishermen, students and teachers, and workers, accounting for 20.20%, 16.04%, 12.88%, 9.50% and 9.23% of the total number of patients respectively. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis in Beijing shows a decreasing trend year by year, with different incidence rates among districts. Men, young adults and the elderly, housework and unemployed are the high incidence of tuberculosis and should be targeted to strengthen the prevention and control measures of key populations .