生老病死作为人的基本身体属性,因其苦与痛的相伴,固然在日常状态中常常被悬置,但在精神属性上始终扮演着达摩克利斯之剑的角色,进而高耸于人的心理结构之中。早期宗教、哲学的重要理念大多由此人本问题而衍生,佛教、道家哲学对身体的否定,希腊时期犬儒派对身体的推高,不过是一枚硬币的两面。而文学对生老病死的观察与体验,则迁延不绝,常读常新。单就疾病而言,物理性层面的繁多差异并不影响精神属性的归纳与同一,苏姗·桑塔格就 As a basic physical attribute of human beings, illness and death are accompanied by bitterness and pain, although they are often suspended in their daily life. However, they always play the role of the sword of Damocles in their spiritual attributes and thus rise above the psychological structure of people Among them. Most of the early religious and philosophical ideas were derived from this issue of human nature. The negation of the body by Buddhism and Taoism philosophy and the promotion of body by the cynics in Greece were just two sides of a coin. The literary observation and experience of illness and death, then persistent, often read new. As far as disease is concerned, the numerous differences in physical dimensions do not affect the induction and homogeneity of mental attributes. Susan Sontag