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以常规粳稻品种云粳41为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,研究不同密度下水稻一次性施用控释肥和分次施用尿素对直播稻产量及其构成因素、群体光合物质生产的影响,并探讨了不同施肥方式对不同密度下直播稻的产量性状和产量之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)不同施肥方式下,密度相同时,分次施肥的处理比控释肥一次性基施的处理和不施肥对照增产,产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,分次施肥处理的产量显著高于控释肥一次性基施的处理;在相同氮肥条件下,直播稻产量随着直播密度的增加而降低,以基本苗2万/667 m~2的处理产量最高,6万/667 m~2的处理产量居中,10万/667 m~2的处理产量最低。(2)在施用控释肥的处理中,密度相同时,增加施氮量能够显著提高直播稻的有效穗数和每穗颖花数;施氮量相同时,单位面积有效穗数随密度的增加而提高,每穗颖花数刚好相反。单位面积颖花量和实际产量之间呈极显著正相关关系。在形成适宜穗数的基础上提高每穗颖花量,从而增加单位面积的颖花量是提高直播稻产量的主要途径。(3)当密度相同时,抽穗至成熟期总干物质积累量、群体生长率、群体叶面积和总颖花数都随着施氮量的增加而提高。本试验中,以精确定量栽培技术为核心的分次施肥A1RPQ4处理的群体结构优于其他处理,群体茎蘖消长动态最为平稳,抽穗期至成熟期的总干物质积累量、颖花/叶比和粒质量/叶比最大,产量最高,达到875.14 kg/667 m~2。
Taking the conventional japonica rice variety Yunjing 41 as experimental material and the two-factor split design, the effects of single-use controlled-release fertilizer and urea application on the yield and its components of direct seeding rice and the photosynthetic material production were studied under different densities. The relationship between the yield and yield of direct seeding rice under different densities was discussed. The results showed that: (1) When different densities of fertilization were the same, the treatment of graded fertilization was more than the treatment of one-time basal application of controlled release fertilizer and no fertilization. The yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The yield of direct-seeded rice decreased with the increase of direct-seeded density under the same nitrogen fertilizer conditions, with the highest yield of 20 000/667 m ~ 2 Wan / 667 m ~ 2 middle of the processing output, 100,000 / 667 m ~ 2 minimum processing output. (2) In the treatment of controlled release fertilizer, with the same density, increasing the amount of nitrogen application could significantly increase the effective spike number and spikelet number per spike in direct seeding rice. With the same amount of nitrogen application, the effective spikelet number per unit area with density Increase and increase the number of spikes per spike just the opposite. There was a significant positive correlation between the spikelet output per unit area and the actual yield. It is the main way to increase the yield of direct-seeded rice by increasing the spikelet content per spike on the basis of the formation of a suitable spike number, thus increasing the spikelet yield per unit area. (3) At the same density, the total dry matter accumulation, population growth rate, population leaf area and total spikelet number increased from heading to maturity. In this experiment, the population structure of A1RPQ4 was better than that of other treatments. The dynamics of stem-tiller growth was the most stable, the total dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, the ratio of spikelet-leaf ratio And grain weight / leaf ratio of the largest, the highest yield, reaching 875.14 kg / 667 m ~ 2.