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修辞结构理论(Rhetorical Structure Theory,RST)用于描述语言使用的结构,尤其是书面语篇的语篇结构。从系统功能语言学来看,修辞结构理论是一种用来描述语篇织体(texture)的语篇意义分析模式,一种体现语篇元功能的语义结构。另一方面,修辞结构理论是旨在实现作者的交际意图的功能性语篇结构理论。文章认为,(1)作者的交际意图与决定语篇元功能的情景语境具有内在的一致性;(2)情景语境与语篇的修辞结构之间也存在一种功能关系。文章以一篇民事判决书为材料,通过分析其情景语境,运用修辞结构理论的描述框架,对其修辞结构作出描述和阐释。
Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) is used to describe the structure of language use, especially the discourse structure of written discourse. From the perspective of systematic functional linguistics, rhetorical structure theory is a textual meaning analysis model used to describe the textual texture, a semantic structure embodying the meta-textual function. On the other hand, rhetorical structure theory is a functional discourse structure theory aimed at realizing the author’s communicative intention. The article holds that: (1) there is an inherent consistency between the communicative intention of the author and the situational context that determines the meta-function of the discourse; (2) there is also a functional relationship between the situational context and the rhetorical structure of the discourse. Taking a civil verdict as a material, the article describes and explains its rhetorical structure by analyzing its context and using the description framework of rhetoric structure theory.