论文部分内容阅读
通过汇总2000—2011年文献数据以及国际植物营养研究所实测试验数据,研究了华北、长江中下游和西北地区小麦季经过土壤界面的氮素输入和输出各项养分循环参数,分析并评估了3大区域的氮素养分平衡状况.结果表明:华北、长江中下游和西北地区小麦季氮肥平均施入量分别为170、183和150 kg N·hm-2,上季作物秸秆氮素还田量分别为74.6、15.2和8.1 kg N·hm-2,种子带入量分别为4.9、4.2和3.5 kg N·hm-2.华北地区来自非共生固氮、大气沉降和灌溉水氮素养分输入量分别为15、12.9和9.9 kg N·hm-2,长江中下游地区分别为15、14.5和5.8 kg N·hm-2,西北地区分别为15、9.4和7.7 kg N·hm-2.小麦收获时华北、长江中下游和西北地区地上部作物吸收的氮分别为174.3、144.4和122.3 kg N·hm-2,华北地区通过氨挥发、N2O排放和淋溶损失的氮素分别为19.9、2.6和11.8 kg N·hm-2,长江中下游地区分别为9.4、2.4和15.5 kg N·hm-2,西北地区小麦季氨挥发和N2O排放量分别为3.4和0.7 kg N·hm-2,不计淋溶损失的氮素.由此计算的小麦季氮素养分平衡结果显示,华北、长江中下游和西北地区的氮素养分均表现为盈余,盈余量分别为78.7、66.0和67.3 kg N·hm-2,超出了养分允许平衡盈亏率,应适当调整氮肥投入,避免氮肥的不科学施用带来的负面环境影响.
By summarizing the literature data from 2000 to 2011 and the experimental data from International Plant Nutrition Institute, the nutrient cycling parameters of nitrogen input and output during the wheat mid-season in the north, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the northwestern part of the country were studied. The results showed that the average nitrogen application rates of wheat in the north, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and northwestern China were 170, 183 and 150 kg N · hm-2, respectively. The nitrogen uptake of crop nitrogen Were 74.6, 15.2 and 8.1 kg N · hm-2, respectively, and the seed loadings were 4.9, 4.2 and 3.5 kg N · hm-2, respectively.Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, atmospheric sedimentation and nitrogen nutrient input in North China 15, 15.9 and 9.9 kg N · hm-2, respectively, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were 15, 14.5 and 5.8 kg N · hm-2, respectively, while those in the northwestern China were 15,9.4 and 7.7 kg N · hm-2, respectively The nitrogen uptake by crops in North China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the NW China was 174.3, 144.4 and 122.3 kg N · hm-2, respectively. The nitrogen contents in North China through ammonia volatilization, N2O emission and leaching losses were 19.9, 2.6 and 11.8 kg N · hm-2, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are 9.4, 2.4 and 15 respectively. 5 kg N · hm-2, NH3-N volatilization and N2O emission in Northwest China were 3.4 and 0.7 kg N · hm-2, respectively, with no leaching loss of nitrogen. , And the N nutrients in North China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Northwest China all showed surplus with the surplus of 78.7, 66.0 and 67.3 kg N · hm-2 respectively, which exceeded the allowable balance of profit and loss of nutrients. Nitrogen inputs should be properly adjusted to avoid nitrogenous fertilizers The unscientific application of the negative environmental impact.