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目的观察长时间移居西藏高原后返回平原3年以上的汉族人群心脏结构和功能的改变。方法应用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测348例高原移居人群及86例平原汉族对照的心功能、心脏结构。按照不同性别分析两组人群各心脏指标的差异。结果返回平原3年以上的高原移居人群在排除年龄影响下,不论男性或是女性,其右房左右径均较平原汉族增大(男性30.81±3.89vs.29.39±3.93;女性29.05±3.06vs.27.40±2.97,P均﹤0.05),左室后壁厚度及幅度也较平原汉族增加(P均﹤0.05)。高原移居人群三尖瓣反流(TR)发生率显著高于平原对照(44.25%vs.8.13%,P=0.000),而且高原移居女性TR发生率显著高于男性(50.28%vs.38.15%,P=0.025)。结论长时间的高原居民对右心房和左心室的影响显著,三尖瓣反流发生率显著增高,且女性发生率高于男性,上述心脏改变在返回到平原多年后仍不能恢复到平原对照人群水平。
Objective To observe the changes of cardiac structure and function in the Han nationality who have migrated to the Tibetan Plateau for more than three years and then returned to the plain. Methods Color Doppler echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function and cardiac structure in 348 high altitude migrants and 86 plain controls. According to different genders, the differences of heart indexes between the two groups were analyzed. Results The plateau migrant population returning to the plain over three years had higher right and left right and left diameters than the plain Han nationality (30.81 ± 3.89 vs. 29.39 ± 3.93; 29.05 ± 3.06 vs. Men, or female) regardless of age. 27.40 ± 2.97, P <0.05). The thickness and amplitude of posterior wall of left ventricle also increased compared with that of plain Han (P <0.05). The incidence of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in migrants from high altitude group was significantly higher than that of plain control group (44.25% vs.8.13%, P = 0.000), and the incidence of TR was significantly higher in migrant women than in male (50.28% vs.38.15% P = 0.025). Conclusion Long-term plateau residents have a significant impact on the right atrium and left ventricle, the incidence of tricuspid regurgitation was significantly higher, and the incidence of females was higher than that of males. The above cardiac changes still could not return to the plain control group after returning to plain for many years Level.