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每年植物寄生线虫在全球农业上造成的损失估计高达1000亿美元。这些线虫的寄生性是绝对的,它们必须生活在活的植物体内才能发育和繁衍。由于它们的主要生态小环境是在土壤内,所以线虫对植物造成的损害时常不被认知。大多数植物寄生性线虫侵染植物的根或其他地下部分,如鳞茎和块茎,并干扰植物吸取水份和营养物质。被线虫侵染的植物的表症通常类似缺乏水份和营养,如植物矮小、失绿、萎蔫下垂等。但是,有些线虫还可能侵染植物的地上部分。线虫除了对植物造成直接危害以外,某些线虫还能传播植物病毒。其他的病原物,如真菌和细菌,可以容易地从线虫侵入时造成的伤口侵入。另有报道,线虫的侵染还可能破坏寄主植物对真菌病原物的抗性。
Annual plant-borne nematodes in the global agricultural losses caused by up to 100 billion US dollars estimated. The parasitism of these nematodes is absolute, they must live in living plants to develop and multiply. Because of their main ecological niche is in the soil, nematodes damage to plants often are not recognized. Most plant parasitic nematodes invade plant roots or other underground parts, such as bulbs and tubers, and interfere with the plant’s ability to absorb moisture and nutrients. Nematode-infested plants often show symptoms similar to lack of water and nutrients such as short plants, de-greening, wilting, and the like. However, some nematodes may also infect the aerial parts of plants. In addition to the direct nematode harm to plants, some nematodes can also spread plant viruses. Other pathogens, such as fungi and bacteria, can easily invade wounds caused by nematodes invade. It has also been reported that nematode infestation may also disrupt the host plant’s resistance to fungal pathogens.