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目的了解部分农村地区双侧重度聋患儿的听力干预、语训及言语发育状况。方法研究对象为2004年6月~2008年7月在河南省安阳市妇幼保健院、江西省九江市妇幼保健院及山东省莱州市人民医院诊断为双侧重度聋的61例患儿(年龄2~72个月,中位数为14个月)。设计调查问卷表,通过电话随访,对患儿是否选配助听器或行人工耳蜗植入术及听力言语训练、言语发育和交流能力等情况进行调查。结果61例患儿中选配助听器者33例(54.10%,33/61),其中助听后语训者10例(30.30%,10/33),助听后无语训者23例(69.70%,23/33);人工耳蜗植入者2例(3.28%,2/61);未选配助听器、未行人工耳蜗植入者26例(42.62%,26/61)。2例人工耳蜗植入者言语发育良好,33例配戴助听器的患儿中2例言语发育较好,31例存在不同程度的言语障碍。26例未行助听器配戴及人工耳蜗植入者均为聋哑状态。结论在农村地区,重度聋患儿未接受听力干预和语训者比例高,言语障碍明显,加强对聋儿家长进行佩戴助听器和言语训练必要性的宣传和教育至关重要。
Objective To understand the hearing intervention, language training and verbal development in children with severe bilateral deafness in some rural areas. Methods The subjects were 61 children (age 2 years) diagnosed as bilateral severe deafness in Anyang MCH Hospital of Henan Province, MCH Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province and Laizhou People’s Hospital of Shandong Province from June 2004 to July 2008. ~ 72 months, median 14 months). The questionnaire was designed to investigate whether children with optional hearing aids or cochlear implants and hearing and speech training, speech development and communication skills were followed up by telephone. Results Among the 61 children, 33 (54.10%, 33/61) were selected hearing aids. Among them, 10 (30.30%, 10/33) were hearing aid and 23 (69.70% , 23/33). There were 2 cases (3.28%, 2/61) of cochlear implants, 26 cases (42.62%, 26/61) without cochlear implants without hearing aid. Two cases of cochlear implants had well-developed speech. In 33 cases with hearing aids, two cases developed better speech and 31 cases had different degrees of speech impairment. Twenty-six non-hearing aids and cochlear implants were deaf and dumb. Conclusions In rural areas, children with severe deafness are not exposed to high levels of hearing intervention and language training, their speech impairment is obvious. It is very important to strengthen the publicity and education on the necessity of wearing hearing aids and speech training for deaf children.