一、什么是类比法类比法是由个别事例推到个别事例的推理方法.前面讲过归纳法是由个别到一般的推理,演绎法是由一(?)到个别的推理。而类比呢,它是由个别到个别的推理.比如在春天三、四月的时候,我们在郊外走到一个竹林子里,看到有很多笋子。后亲又走到另一个竹林子,我们推想里面一定也有许多笋子。走进竹林一看,果然不出所料。这种由个别事例出发推断另一事例的思维的推演就是类比法的运用.类比法比起归纳法和演绎法来可以说是较为简单的推理。这种推理也常常是归纳法的准备。比如小孩子经历了一次火烫,后来看到了火,就不敢去接近了,这是类比的结果。但是这时在小孩的脑海里还不会形成一般性的原理:凡火能烫人。这只有等到他的直接知识和间接知识丰富了,才会产生这样的概括。而到这样概括的时候,也就进到归纳推理的运用了. First, what is the analogy analogy method is the individual reasoning method that is pushed from individual cases to individual cases. The induction method is described from the individual to the general reasoning. The deductive method is from one (?) to the other. And analogy, it is from individual to individual reasoning. For example, in the spring of March and April, we went to a bamboo forest in the countryside and saw many bamboo shoots. After the pro-family went to another bamboo forest, we thought there must be many bamboo shoots inside. A look into the bamboo forest, it really did not expect. This deduction of the thinking of another case from the perspective of individual cases is the use of analogy. The analogy method can be said to be a simpler reasoning than inductive and deductive methods. This kind of reasoning is often prepared for induction. For example, the child experienced a hot burn, and later saw the fire, they did not dare to approach, which is the result of analogy. But at this time, there is no general principle in the children’s mind: Every fire can burn people. Only when his direct knowledge and indirect knowledge is enriched can this generalization be produced. When this is summed up, the use of inductive reasoning is also advanced.