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目的:探讨麻疹流行病学特点和临床特征。方法:对收住院的149例麻疹病例进行回顾性分析。结果:149例患者,年龄16 d～43岁。8个月及以下患儿28例(18.79%),8个月以上～7岁患儿64例(42.95%),7岁以上～16岁3例(2.01%),16岁以上54例(36.24%),发病高峰集中在2月份72例(48.32%)。血清麻疹IgM抗体阳性149例(100%)。发热、皮疹均149例(100%)。Koplik斑142例(95.30%)。并发肺炎110例(73.83%);肝功损害89例(59.73%);腹泻56例(37.58%);电解质紊乱48例(32.21%);尿路感染39例(26.17%);心肌损害29例(27.10%);喉炎14例(9.40%);气管-支气管炎8例(5.41%);心衰7例(4.70%);病毒性角膜炎和急性扁桃体炎各5例(3.36%);皮下气肿、病毒性脑炎各2例(1.34%)。结论:学龄前儿童和成年人发病率高,与麻疹疫苗未规范接种或接种疫苗后抗体滴度下降等因素有关;8个月以下的婴儿发病率在上升,可能与母亲未规范接种过或接种麻疹疫苗后抗体滴度下降等因素有关;婴幼儿患者临床病毒血症较重。易合并脏器损害;合并肺炎、肝功损害和腹泻的患者较多见。
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of measles. Methods: A total of 149 measles cases admitted to hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 149 patients, aged 16 d to 43 years. There were 28 (18.79%) children aged 8 months and younger, 64 (42.95%) patients aged 8 months to 7 years old, 3 (2.01%) aged above 7 and 16 years old, 54 (16.24) %), The peak incidence concentrated in February 72 cases (48.32%). Serum measles IgM antibodies were 149 cases (100%). Fever, rashes were 149 cases (100%). 142 cases of Koplik spot (95.30%). (73.83%) complicated with pneumonia, 89 cases (59.73%) with liver damage, 56 cases (37.58%) with diarrhea, 48 cases with electrolyte disturbance (32.21%), 39 cases with urinary tract infection (26.17%), 29 cases with myocardial damage (27.10%), laryngitis in 14 cases (9.40%), tracheobronchitis in 8 cases (5.41%), heart failure in 7 cases (4.70%), viral keratitis and acute tonsillitis in 5 cases (3.36% Subcutaneous emphysema, viral encephalitis in 2 cases (1.34%). CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of preschool children and adults is related to factors such as measles vaccine non-standard vaccination or antibody titers after vaccination. The incidence of infants under 8 months is on the rise, which may be related to the non-standard vaccination or vaccination of mothers Measles vaccine antibody titers decreased and other factors; infants and young children with clinical viremia heavier. Easy to combine organ damage; patients with pneumonia, liver damage and diarrhea more common.