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目的了解铁路系统女职工不同年龄阶段生殖系统疾病发生概况,探讨铁路系统女职工妇科疾病防治重点。方法 2016年采用横断面调查方法对2 017名广西铁路系统女职工进行问卷调查,比较不同年龄阶段妇科疾病发生率及每种疾病的高发年龄。结果铁路系统女职工生殖系统疾病患病率为41.79%。前3位分别是生殖道感染(22.90%)、乳腺增生(18.60%)及子宫肌瘤(12.30%)。5个年龄阶段以45岁及以上的女职工妇科疾病患病构成比最高(50.60%)。子宫肌瘤、生殖道感染及乳腺增生主要在45岁及以上发病;卵巢疾病及恶性肿瘤主要在35~45岁发病。结论铁路卫生部门应针对不同年龄阶段女职工妇科疾病患病情况,定期对女职工进行检查,降低女职工妇科疾病患病率及不良妊娠结局的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female employees in the railway system at different ages and discuss the key points of prevention and treatment of gynecological diseases among female employees in the railway system. Methods In 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gynecological diseases in different age groups and the prevalence of each disease in 2,017 female workers in Guangxi railway system. Results The prevalence of reproductive system diseases among female employees in railway system was 41.79%. The first three were reproductive tract infections (22.90%), breast hyperplasia (18.60%) and uterine fibroids (12.30%). The prevalence of gynecological diseases among women aged 45 and over in five age groups was the highest (50.60%). Uterine fibroids, genital tract infections and breast hyperplasia mainly in the 45-year-old and above morbidity; ovarian disease and malignant tumors mainly in 35 to 45-year-old onset. Conclusions The railway health department should, according to the prevalence of gynecological diseases in different age groups, check the female workers regularly to reduce the prevalence of gynecological diseases among women workers and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.