不同的金属及合金具有不同的性能。金属和合金的性能,不仅取决于它的成份,还取决于它的结构。譬如同样是一块含碳为0.8%的碳钢,在冶金厂出厂时的硬度为 HRC20,而到机械厂经加工成刀具、并进行淬火后,由于钢中结构发生变化,其硬度可达到 HRC60以上,即比原来提高二倍多。所以,我们必须了解金属和合金的内部结构。一、金属的结构金属及其合金一般都是晶体,在晶体中原子在空间按一定几何形状有规则地排列。实际上,晶体中的原子都是在一定的 Different metals and alloys have different properties. The properties of metals and alloys depend not only on its composition but also on its structure. For example, the same is a carbon steel containing 0.8% of carbon steel, the factory hardness at the metallurgical plant HRC20, and to the mechanical plant processed into a tool, and after quenching, due to structural changes in the steel, the hardness can reach above HRC60 , That is, more than double the original. Therefore, we must understand the internal structure of metals and alloys. First, the metal structure Metal and its alloys are generally crystal, the atoms in the crystal space by a certain geometric regular arrangement. In fact, the atoms in the crystal are certain